Agosto 28, 2011

Estimation of Cement, Sand, and Gravel in Construction

In the estimation of cement, sand, and gravel volumes for concrete proportioning, we use the Fuller's Formula. This is an easy way to get a rough estimate in case you are in the field.

FULLER'S FORMULA

Let:

C = number of bags of cement per cubic meter of concrete work  (bag/m3)
S = volume of sand per cubic meter of concrete work  (m3 of sand /m3)
G = volume of gravel per cubic meter of concrete work  (m3 of gravel /m3
c,s,g = cement-sand-gravel ratio (relative amounts of solids by volume in a mixture)

C = 55 / (c+s+g)
S = 0.028*C*s
G = 0.028*C*g

The classes of concrete mixture depends on the cement-sand-gravel ratio (c:s:g).

Class A (1:2:4) = for beams, slabs, columns, all members subjected to bending
Class B (1:2.5:5) = member not reinforced for bending stress
Class C (1:3:6) = for footing (not under water)

Note: We use here 94 lbs Portland Cement per cubic meter of concrete

Example 1:

Determine the number of bags of cement, sand, and gravel of a proposed concrete pavement whose width and length are 100 m x 200 m. The thickness is 100 cm.

Given: Width = 100 m         Length = 200 m               Thickness = 0.1 m

Reqd: number of bags of cement, sand, and gravel

Solution:

Volume of concrete = 100 * 200 * 0.1 = 2000 m3
Pavement = Class A (1:2:4)

C = 55 / (c+s+g) = [ 55 / (1+2+4) ] * 2000 = 15,680 bags
S = 0.028*C*s = {0.028*  [ 55 / (1+2+4) ] * 2 } * 2000 =  800 m3 of sand
G = 0.028*C*g = {0.028*  [ 55 / (1+2+4) ] * 4 } * 2000 = 1760 m3 of sand

93 komento:

  1. is the "55" a constant value?.. where did it came from?..

    TumugonBurahin
    Mga Tugon
    1. where the 55 ame from? anyone? I really need the answer.

      Burahin
    2. 1 bag of cement how much sand& gravel i will mix for footings & column? any can answer this ?

      Burahin
    3. In the estimation of cement, sand, and gravel volumes for concrete proportioning, we use the Fuller's Formula.

      FULLER'S FORMULA
      C = 55 / (c+s+g)
      S = 0.028*C*s
      G = 0.028*C*g

      BETTER ASK FULLER ^_^

      Burahin
    4. hi...
      Capital C stands for Cement?

      Burahin
    5. It says. "Note: We use here 94 lbs Portland Cement per cubic meter of concrete" MEANING 40 kg. of cement.

      Burahin
  2. Anu po possibleng manyari pag nakapalit yung ratio ng sand and gravel?

    TumugonBurahin
  3. can u pls give further detail/s on hows the "55" came up?

    TumugonBurahin
  4. Here's another way to estimate.
    Factors:
    Concrete - x8bags
    Sand - x0.6 cu.m.
    Gravel - x1.2cu.m.Just get the volume:
    Ex. 100x200x.1=2000 cu.m.
    C=2000x8bags=16000 bags
    S=2000x0.6cu.m.= 1200cu.m.
    G=2000x1.2cu.m.= 2400cu.m.

    TumugonBurahin
    Mga Tugon
    1. ito rin gamit ko, may table naman interms of ratio in max pajardo's book all kinds of mix, from aa to c

      Burahin
    2. Naalis ng may-ari ang komentong ito.

      Burahin
    3. Tnx timothy sa short cut metod

      Burahin
    4. So total 2000 cu. m. ang volume ng cememtuhin, tapos ngaun
      graba pa lang 2400 cu. m. na, sobrang ;lagpas na estime nyo

      Burahin
    5. graba pa lang puno na yung bubuhosan mo..2400 cu.m. hahaha

      Burahin
    6. pang fill lang naman po kasi ng voids yung sand

      Burahin
    7. masyado kasing playsafe ung kay fajardo laki ng pasobra

      Burahin
  5. How do you compute for the required water?

    TumugonBurahin
  6. Naalis ng may-ari ang komentong ito.

    TumugonBurahin
  7. 3000 psi ung class A

    TumugonBurahin
  8. FULLER'S RULE states "mixing of a total of 42 volumes of cement, sand and gravel will produce a 27 volumes of concrete". The unit for this one is in cubic foot. Conversion of 1.0 meter = 3.281 ft, hence (42/27cu.ft) x (3.281ft/m)^3=54.94 or rounded off to a good number of 55. That is how the constant of 55 comes from. Hope it helps.

    TumugonBurahin
  9. how to estimate the labor cost of roof painting

    TumugonBurahin
  10. wat is the weight of 1 sack of cement in kilograms..?

    TumugonBurahin
    Mga Tugon
    1. Naalis ng may-ari ang komentong ito.

      Burahin
    2. it depends. there is 40 kilograms and there is 50 kilograms

      Burahin
  11. how to find the cement sand and aggregate ratio of c 12/15 type concrete

    TumugonBurahin
  12. 40kg/1 bag of cement yuzuru otonashi

    TumugonBurahin
  13. sure ba to? kasi conversion palang parang alangan na kong maniwala. hehehe
    0.1m = 100cm?

    TumugonBurahin
    Mga Tugon
    1. Bka ngkamali lng sa pgtype 10cm ang thickness.

      Burahin
    2. Bka ngkamali lng sa pgtype 10cm ang thickness.

      Burahin
    3. 200m x 100m x 0.10m po talaga yan..
      Kaya po 2,000 cu.m. ���� Meter po ang Ginamit.

      Burahin
  14. Uo nga, 1m= 10cm so therefore, dapat 100cm = 10m

    TumugonBurahin
  15. Mga Tugon
    1. 1 Bag of 94 lbs (42.63 Kgs.) Cement is 1 cu.ft. : Converting 1 cu.ft to cu.m : 1 cu.ft.x 1 cu.m./(3.28 ft.)^3 = 0.0283 cu.m.

      Burahin
  16. 0.1m = 100mm of 4 inches

    TumugonBurahin
  17. Thank you so much for this formula. I'm helping my neighbor with his driveway and we needed to know how much sand and gravel we need. He is replacing his once concrete driveway with a gravel one instead. We needed to know how many bags we were going to need.
    http://www.mcnabbconstruction.ca

    TumugonBurahin
  18. thanks. good for not engineers and layman

    TumugonBurahin
  19. thanks. good for not engineers and layman

    TumugonBurahin
  20. There's something wrong with the formula. If you sum up the volume of all the material cement, sand, gravel, it will give you more than the volume of subject.

    TumugonBurahin
    Mga Tugon
    1. pang fill ng voids kaya may vibrator na equipment ang ginagamit parang compactor po

      Burahin
  21. If 3000 psi is equivalent for class A,how many psi for class B,C and class AA.

    TumugonBurahin
    Mga Tugon
    1. AA - 4000 psi
      A - 3500 psi
      B - 3000 psi
      C - 2500 psi

      Burahin
  22. patulong naman po. i am still deciding kung gi sheet o concrete deck ang bubungan ng pinaggawa naming bahay.

    for example, L(15ft) w(17.5 ft) thickness= 3 or 4"

    gusto ko sana malaman, how much cement bags (40kg) aggregates and rebar ang magagamit...

    sana po may sumagot (jreftwo@yahoodotcom)

    maraming salamat po!

    TumugonBurahin
  23. Can you indicate the specific cement mixtures class and their equivalent psi? Thank you.

    TumugonBurahin
  24. Ok lng po ba 1:3:4 ratio para sa foundation footing?

    TumugonBurahin
  25. Ok lng po ba 1:3:4 ratio para sa foundation footing?

    TumugonBurahin
  26. hi Guys, Ask ko lang what is the cement factor of 3000psi, 4000psi and 5000 psi. Thankyou! :)

    TumugonBurahin
  27. 1:2:4
    Cement(40Kg): 9 bags
    Sand: .5 cu.m
    Gravel: 1 cu.m

    1:2.5:5
    Cement(40Kg): 7.5 bags
    Sand: .5 cu.m
    Gravel: 1 cu.m

    Approximate lng po...safe na yan from Fajardo...

    TumugonBurahin
  28. We known that 1:2:4 cement concrete ratio 28 days strength 3000 psi so how we find 4000 psi ratio and witch formula we used?

    TumugonBurahin
  29. How to calculate how much cubic sand and gravel in a concrete mix

    TumugonBurahin
  30. how to calculate CSG of staircase?

    TumugonBurahin
  31. Volume of concrete = 100 * 200 * 0.1 = 2000 m3
    Pavement = Class A (1:2:4)

    C = 55 / (c+s+g) = [ 55 / (1+2+4) ] * 2000 = 15,680 bags
    S = 0.028*C*s = {0.028* [ 55 / (1+2+4) ] * 2 } * 2000 = 800 m3 of sand
    G = 0.028*C*g = {0.028* [ 55 / (1+2+4) ] * 4 } * 2000 = 1760 m3 of sand

    mukhang merong mali. volume of concrete is 2000 pero you will need 800 and 1760 of sand and gravel respectively? daming excess ah. di pa kasama ang volume nang 15680 bags of cement. paki linaw please.

    TumugonBurahin
    Mga Tugon
    1. the idea is sand will only fill the void between gravel, same as cement will only fill the voids between the sand, the solution is correct

      Burahin
    2. I think fuller's formula uses 50 kilograms per bag of cement. So, If Im correct you have to multiply the result in bags by 1.25

      Burahin
    3. Naalis ng may-ari ang komentong ito.

      Burahin
  32. I know Laura well and she is principled, thoughtful, and extremely bright...more power to her!

    Function Point Estimation Training in Chennai

    TumugonBurahin
  33. ask ko lng po kung ung 1:2:3 ratio na class A gawing 1:2.5:2.5 para maiwasan ang pagbara ng mixture sa mga bakal lalo na sa pagitan ng beam at column.

    TumugonBurahin
  34. AA(1:1.5:3)12C:.5cu.m S:1Cu.m G
    A(1:2:4) 9C:.5cu.m S:1cu.m G
    B(1:2.5:5) 7C:.5cu.m S:1cu.m G
    C(1:3:6) 6C:.5cu.m s:1cu.m G
    ex. V=1.5cu.m Class A
    1.5×9=13.5 or 14bag of cement
    1.5×.5=.75 cu.m of Sand
    1.5×1=1.5 cu.m of Gravel

    TumugonBurahin
  35. ex. V=3.5cu.m Class C
    3.5×6=21 bag of 40kg cement
    3.5×.5=1.75 cu.m sand
    3.5×1=3.5 cu.m gravel

    TumugonBurahin
  36. ano po mixture for mortar and plastering?

    TumugonBurahin
  37. This is really an easy way to get a rough estimate in case you are in the field. http://www.doyleconcrete.ie/services/sand-and-gravel/

    TumugonBurahin
  38. Ilan po cement,sand and gravel mggamit ko s 20sq meter n garahe

    TumugonBurahin
  39. we are asking a builder to build a fence 30M x 2.40M and 9.5M x 3M
    how deep should be the foundation provided that we will do a land fill of about 1m. Can someone give me a price possible price for it, please?

    TumugonBurahin
  40. pano mag mix ng 5000PSI? Pang manhole po

    TumugonBurahin
  41. Guys anu po Ratio ng 5k psi mix design .. ( job mix )

    TumugonBurahin
  42. Using: Outdoor and indoor purposes : made into fences, frames, arbors, trellises, home decor, tiki bars, and patios. Eco-green , natural Bamboo poles -let's create tropics appearance in your spaces.
    wood fence gate

    TumugonBurahin


  43. Very well done. Absolutely brilliant information. I'm in love with this blog. they always provide such a great information. plaster sand bags

    TumugonBurahin
  44. ano po cement factor po ng 5000psi?

    TumugonBurahin
  45. Naalis ng may-ari ang komentong ito.

    TumugonBurahin
  46. how to compute laying of CHB. asap please ^_^

    TumugonBurahin
  47. I discovered your site ideal for me. It consists of wonderful and useful posts. I've read many of them and also got so much from them. In my experience, you do the truly amazing. Truly I’m impressed out of this publish. Construction estimation

    TumugonBurahin
  48. Something is wrong with that. Because a 40kg bag of cement is 0.0265m³. Thus a m³ of cement is 1m³/0.0265m³= 38.46 bags of cement/m³.

    How did it became 55?

    TumugonBurahin
    Mga Tugon
    1. Something is wrong with you.

      Burahin
    2. 1cu.m of concrete not 1cu.m of cement. COncrete is composed of cemetn , sand , gravel, water. Why would you make 1cu.m of pure cement???

      Burahin
  49. Yung Note po dito is 94 lbs of Portland cement per m³ of concrete, which means 40 kgs of cement. Paano naman po yung formula kung 50 kgs of cement ginamit? Thankyou po

    TumugonBurahin
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    TumugonBurahin